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Names | |||
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Preferred IUPAC name
Trichloromethane | |||
Other names | |||
Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol)
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Abbreviations | R-20, TCM | ||
ChEBI | |||
ChEMBL | |||
ChemSpider | |||
ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.603 | ||
EC Number |
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KEGG | |||
PubChem CID
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RTECS number |
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UNII | |||
UN number | 1888 | ||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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Properties | |||
CHCl3 | |||
Molar mass | 119.37 g·mol−1 | ||
Appearance | Highly refractive colorless liquid | ||
Odor | Sweet, minty, pleasant | ||
Density | 1.564 g/cm3 (−20 °C) 1.489 g/cm3 (25 °C) 1.394 g/cm3 (60 °C) | ||
Melting point | −63.5 °C (−82.3 °F; 209.7 K) | ||
Boiling point | 61.15 °C (142.07 °F; 334.30 K) decomposes at 450 °C | ||
10.62 g/L (0 °C) 8.09 g/L (20 °C) 7.32 g/L (60 °C) | |||
Solubility | Soluble in benzene Miscible in diethyl ether, oils, ligroin, alcohol, CCl4, CS2 | ||
Solubility in acetone | ≥ 100 g/L (19 °C) | ||
Solubility in dimethyl sulfoxide | ≥ 100 g/L (19 °C) | ||
Vapor pressure | 0.62 kPa (−40 °C) 7.89 kPa (0 °C) 25.9 kPa (25 °C) 313 kPa (100 °C) 2.26 MPa (200 °C) | ||
Henry's law
constant (kH) |
3.67 L·atm/mol (24 °C) | ||
Acidity (pKa) | 15.7 (20 °C) | ||
UV-vis (λmax) | 250 nm, 260 nm, 280 nm | ||
−59.30·10−6 cm3/mol | |||
Thermal conductivity | 0.13 W/(m·K) (20 °C) | ||
Refractive index (nD)
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1.4459 (20 °C) | ||
Viscosity | 0.563 cP (20 °C) | ||
Structure | |||
Tetrahedral | |||
1.15 D | |||
Thermochemistry | |||
Heat capacity (C)
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114.25 J/(mol·K) | ||
Std molar
entropy (S⦵298) |
202.9 J/(mol·K) | ||
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
−134.3 kJ/mol | ||
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG⦵)
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−71.1 kJ/mol | ||
Std enthalpy of
combustion (ΔcH⦵298) |
473.21 kJ/mol | ||
Pharmacology | |||
N01AB02 (WHO) | |||
Hazards[9] | |||
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |||
Main hazards
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Decomposes to extremely toxic phosgene and hydrogen chloride in presence of light – possibly carcinogenic – Reproductive toxicity – hepatotoxic[3][4][5] | ||
GHS labelling: | |||
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Danger | |||
H302, H315, H319, H331, H336, H351, H361d, H372 | |||
P201, P202, P235, P260, P264, P270, P271, P280, P281, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P310, P311, P314, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P403+P233, P405, P501 | |||
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |||
Flash point | Nonflammable | ||
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |||
LD50 (median dose)
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704 mg/kg (mouse, dermal)[6] | ||
LC50 (median concentration)
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47,702 mg/m3 (rat, 4 hr)[7] | ||
LCLo (lowest published)
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NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |||
PEL (Permissible)
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50 ppm (240 mg/m3)[4] | ||
REL (Recommended)
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Ca ST 2 ppm (9.78 mg/m3) [60-minute][4] | ||
IDLH (Immediate danger)
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500 ppm[4][clarification needed] | ||
Safety data sheet (SDS) | [1] | ||
Related compounds | |||
Related compounds
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Supplementary data page | |||
Chloroform (data page) | |||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Chloroform,[10] or trichloromethane (often abbreviated as TCM), is an organochloride with the formula CHCl3 and a common solvent. It is a very volatile, colorless, strong-smelling, dense liquid produced on a large scale as a precursor to refrigerants and PTFE.[11] Chloroform is a trihalomethane that serves as a powerful general anesthetic, euphoriant, anxiolytic, and sedative when inhaled or ingested; for this reason, Chloroform was used as an inhalational anesthetic between the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century.[12][13] It is miscible with many solvents but it is only very slightly soluble in water (only 8 g/L at 20°C).
The retained names 'bromoform' for HCBr3, 'chloroform' for HCCl3, and 'iodoform' for HCI3 are acceptable in general nomenclature. Preferred IUPAC names are substitutive names.